Lifting the corporate Essay

The international company which called Buildco Ltd establishes a new company in Australia which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Buildco. The purpose of incorporating the subsidiary is to solve the problem of sourcing debt finance in the international marketplace. However, the property development project which is undertaken by Buildco and funded by Asset Pty Ltd is financially unviable. Consequently, the Buildco expects that the Asset could write-off the loan as a bad debt and claim a tax deduction. Nonetheless, the Commissioner of Tax disallows the deduction for the bad debt because of the significant degree in the overlap in the management of both companies and the very large degree of control over the directors. In order to determine that whether the bad debt can be deducted, the relationship between Asset Pty Ltd and Buildco Ltd should be analyzed. Case analysis * Statute law According to the statute law, it is likely that the subsidiary company (Asset Pty Ltd) would not write-off the loan to the parent company (Buildco Ltd) as a debt and could not claim a tax deduction for that debt. After lifting the corporation veil by making the holding company liable for the debts of its subsidiary where there are reasonable grounds for suspecting than the subsidiary is insolvent at the time of incurring the debt. In this present case, due to the failed project which is funded by the Asset Pty Ltd, the Buildco Ltd is financially unviable which lead to the company has to close down the business. As a result, it may be not feasible to solve the dispute through statute law. * Case law Type of companies Companies operate in both private and public sectors of the economy and come in all sizes, large and small. Doubtlessly, the Buildco Ltd is a public company, and the later set up company which called Asset Ltd Pty is a proprietary. Incorporation Corporation group It is more likely to be a number of companies which are associated by common or interlocking shareholdings, allied to unified control or capacity to control. We all know that in many respects a group of companies are treated together for the purpose of general accounts, balance sheet and profit and loss account. They are treated as one concern. This is especially the case when a parent company owns all the shares of the subsidiary – so much so that it can control every movement of the subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are bound hand and foot and must do just what the parent company says. However, it is not absolute that whether treat the parent company and a wholly owned subsidiary as a continuum. In special circumstance, the parent company and subsidiary company could not be treated as an integral structure. In the course of Buildco’s strategic plan, the corporation group is built to solve the problem of souring debt finance. Indeed, the corporation group not only solve s the problem in securing credit, but also success to avoid the influence of the international financial crisis. That is, corporate group is a modern enterprise organization form which uses the Buildco Ltd (parent company) as the core of economic organization. Parent and subsidiary companies Besides, it is prevail that a large numbers of businesses are conducted by companies which share common directors. Such as the Buildco Ltd in the case have its subsidiaries in more than 10 countries. Subsidiary company is half of the shares are controlled by the parent company. That is to say, most of subsidiary’s property was controlled by the parent company, but the subsidiary and the parent are still separate legal entities, with all its assets shall undertake limited liability for its debts, the parent company is based on its capital contribution or subsidiary to the holdings of shares in the limit of responsibility. As to the Buildco Ltd is the holding company which controls the subsidiary’s (Asset Ltd Pty) board of the director and also is in position to cast or control maximum votes at subsidiary’s general meeting. Agency relationship The agency relationship between a company and its controller is the ground most frequently argued. Indeed, agency relationship between the parent company and the subsidiary must be consistent with the following six questions: 1. Were the profits treated as the profits of the parent? Yes. In this view, the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd) will be treat all of the profits as a dividend to the parent company (Buildco Ltd). 2. Were the persons conducting the business appointed by the parent? Yes. In this present case, all decision are decided by the parent company (Buildco Ltd) and then implemented by the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd). 3. Was the parent the head and brain of the trading venture? Yes. The three directors of the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd) come from the board of parent company (Buildco Ltd). In other words, the directors should simultaneously manage the two companies. Namely, the directors overlap in management of both companies. 4. Did the parent gover n the venture; decide what should be done and what capital should be used? Yes. During the board meeting, the directors of the parent company (Buildco Ltd) passed a resolution that allowed the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd) to implement a strategic. 5. Did the parent make the profits by its skill and direction? Yes. It is conspicuous to discover that the parent company (Buildco Ltd) was established in 1950, and become the one of the world’s leading international building companies via its own skills. 6. Was the parent in effectual and constant control? Yes. The case shows that the CEO of the parent company (Buildco Ltd) has been helm the company for nearly 20 years. In addition, the parent company (Buildco Ltd) made a large profit and strict policy. In summary, there is an agency relationship between the parent company (Buildco Ltd) and the subsidiaries company (Asset Pty Ltd). That is to say, they can be treated as a single legal entity, so the subsidiary company (Asset Pty Ltd) would not write-off the loan to the parent company (Buildco Ltd) as a debt and could not claim a tax deduction for that debt. Instead, there is a similar case which is called Commissioner of Taxation v BHP Billiton Finance Ltd (2010), the court held that the bad debt can be deducted due to the fact that the Commissioner’s submissions denying the separate legal existence of Finance Ltd. However, there are two differences between the two cases. Firstly, in the Commissioner of Taxation case, the reason of building the subsidiary company is not only solves the problem of sourcing debt finance, but also deals with the third parties. In contrast, the subsidiary company (Asset Pty Ltd) has no deal with other companies, except the parent company (Buildco Ltd). In addition, in the case of Commission, the BHP Billiton Finance Ltd makes use of the loan in both operational activity and new project, but the Asset Pty Ltd is only fund to the project of parent company. So these two case cannot be seen as the same. Corporate veil and veil-piercing Corporate veil The corporation veil can be trusted as a theoretical screen which descends on the company when it is descend and, ordinarily, prevents outsiders from peeping in to see who is in charge or control of the company. In other words, company as a legal person must be independently with all its capital contribution shall undertake liability for its legal actions and debts of the company’s shareholders is limited to its investors assume limited liability to the company. Lifting the corporate veil An examination of the Australia law concerning lifting the corporate veil on the basis of an implied agency reveals that control, even overwhelming control, of a company is not sufficient to create an implied agency between the company and the controller. Through lifting the veil of corporation, it reveals that each company within the company is responsible for its own debts. However, in this case, the corporation veil would not need to lift due to the fact that it not fits the requirements of piercing veil. Indeed, there is no sham, fraud, avoid tax, trade with enemy; avoid legal obligation, and puppet. Conclusion In conclusion, with reasons stated above, the subsidiary company (Asset Pty Ltd) would not write-off the loan to the parent company (Buildco Ltd) as a debt and could not claim a tax deduction for that debt. Bibliography 1. Harris J, Hargovan A and Adams M Australian Corporate Law, 3rd ed 2011 LexisNexis Butterworths. 2. Limited liability exception – the UK’s â€Å"lifting the veil of the Company†, < http://www.law-walker.net/detail.asp?id=4511>. 3. Judy Maguire and Anna Lenahan. (2006). AML — international comparisons and lessons. Financial Services Newsletter (newsletter), 2006:Volume 4 No 9. 4. Professor Sharon Christensen and Professor Bill. (2012). lifting the joint venture veil: liability of related entities for misleading conduct of agents engaged by joint venture partners. DuncanAustralian Property Law Bulletin (newsletter), 2012: Volume 26 No 8. 5. Ramsay I and Noakes D. (2001). Piercing the Corporation Veil in Australia. company and securities law journal, 2001: Volume 19 No 250. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Australia Statute Law, s558v [ 2 ]. Walker v Wimborne (1976) 137. [ 3 ]. Limited liability exception – the UK’s â€Å"lifting the veil of the Company†, < http://www.law-walker.net/detail.asp?id=4511> [ 4 ]. Lonrho ltd. v. Shell Petroleum Co., Ltd. (1980). [ 5 ]. Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd (1897) AC22. [ 6 ]. Australia Corporation Law, s46. [ 7 ]. Ramsay I and Noakes D, ‘piercing the Corporate Veil in Australia’ (2001) 19 Company and Securities Law Journal 250. [ 8 ]. Smith Stone & Knight Ltd v Birmingham Corp (1939) 4 ALL ER116. [ 9 ]. Smith stone &Knight Ltd v Briminghan Corp (1939) 4 All ER 116 [ 10 ]. Commissioner of Taxation v BHP Billiton Finance Ltd (2010) 182FCR [ 11 ]. Harris J, Hargovan A and Adams M Australian Corporate Law, 3rd ed 2011, LexisNexis Butterworths [182] [ 12 ]. Winland enterprises group inc. v Wex pharmaceuticals inc. (2012) HKCA 155. [ 13 ].

Case 15: Teletech Corporation, 2005 Essay

Case Study 3: Estimating the Cost of Capital 1. Currently Teletech Corporation (TC) uses a single hurdle rate for both their Telecommunications Services (TS) and Products and Services (P&S) divisions. This hurdle rate obtained by an estimate of TC Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), which is calculated at 9.3%. When analyzing critically at this point, TS is underperforming with a return on capital (ROC) of 9.1%, whereas, P&S segment is well over the required rate of return as it is gaining a ROC of 11.0%. As a result, the firm’ share price is inactive. Their price-to-earning is far below investor’s expectation in comparison to the firm’s risk. The use of a single constant hurdle rate brings about an uncorrelation between risk and return. With an approx. $2 billion being invested in the upcoming years, the discount rate is significantly important in order to make investment decision on profitable projects, that will increase shareholder’s value. 2. Estimate the segment WACCs for Teletech: Corporate TS P&S Explanation MV asset weights 100% 75% 25.00% Bond rating A-/BBB+ A BB Pretax cost of debt (Kd) 5.88% 5.74% 7.47% Tax rate (t) 40% 40% 40% After-tax cost of debt 3.53% 3.44% 4.48% Kd(1-t) Equity beta (ÃŽ ²) 1.15 1.04 1.36 Industry Average Rf 4.62% 4.62% 4.62% 30-year U.S Treasury Securities RM 10.12% 10.12% 10.12% Source: Bloomberg RM-Rf 5.50% 5.50% 5.50% Cost of equity (Ke) 10.95% 10.34% 12.11% Ke=Rf + ÃŽ ²(RM-Rf) Weight of debt 22.19% 22.19% 22.19% Assume that it stays the same as Weight of equity 77.81% 77.81% 77.81% Teletech WACC 9.30% 8.81% 10.41% WACC=Wd *Kd(1-t) + We*Ke 3. It seems that TS is actually profitable on a risk-adjusted basic, even though it is underperforming compared with the firm hurdle rate. The reason behind is the current use of constant hurdle rate does not mirror the higher cost of debt required for P&S, and shows that the cost of equity required for TS will not have sufficient capital in the future but P&S will be given more than enough because TS’ return is less than P&S. It also indicates that TS certainly is less risky than the company and therefore it should be provided adequate funds in the long run. 4. In term of â€Å"economic value†, all money is green. Teletech having a book value of $16 million, they would fit the profile no matter it is under two segments its return on capital is viewed as one whole part. Investors are only concerned with the company as the whole, rather than its individual segments. The implication of that view is to let investors deeply understand that Teletech will still have return at the hurdle rate despite the fact that P&S is less profitable than TS. The return is being produced for shareholders are clearly dependent on where Teletech invests its fund. The argument in favor is that the returns on  capital of the two segments complied into Teletech hence, it is practical to keep all capital contributions at the firm should be treated individually. The argument against this statement is that the decision might be wrong if the use of strategic consideration is not included. The use of single hurdle rate will make the NPV results consistent but the NPV as well as the economic profit estimations would lose their meaning and comparability across TS and P&S. The separation of using different hurdle rates will make Teletech’s return higher. 5. If all the firm’s assets were invested only in the telecommunication segment the firm would increase the total risk as the lack of diversification on multiple investments. From another point of view, currently Teletech is using a constant rate to determine the projects and this rate is used as the discount rate. If the hurdle rate is set constantly at 9.3%, return on capital of TS (8.5%) is far lower than the hurdle, it seems like TS will reduce the firm’s value. While the return on capital of P&S (11.4%) exceeds the hurdle, it means P&S will enhance the firm’s value. TS P&S Explanation Return on Capital (%) 9.10% 11.00% NOPAT (million) $1,180.00 $480.00 Capital (million) $12,967.03 $4,363.64 Capital=ROC*NOPAT Economic Profit (million) -$25.98 $74.17 Use of a constant hurdle rate EP=(ROC-Hurdle Rate)*Capital $37.66 $25.54 Use of individual hurdle rates Where: The constant hurdle rate = WACCfirm = 9.3% The individual hurdle rates: Used for TS = WACCTS = 8.81% Used for P&S = WACCP&S = 10.41% From the table above, obviously observed that the use of the constant hurdle rate will mislead investment decisions, as it probably will result in negative economic profit from TS (-$25.98 million) as it does not take into account any additional risk associated with each segment. In fact if the use of individual hurdle rates applied, it will generate a large positive economic profit from TS ($37.66 million), PS still remains profitable but it is far below the original economic profit that calculated by using the constant hurdle rate. 6. From the calculations above in part 5, P&S will contribute extra value ($25.54 million) to Teletech as the term â€Å"all money is green† because P&S’ actual return is up to 11%, which is, lightly exceeded the hurdle rate of 10.41%. 7. There is no conflict with holding two seats on Teletech’s board of directors as he demanded, but the initial purpose of business is to provide firm’s customers the best goods and services, that will make Teletech to become the best telecommunication service. The firm will have to generate the best possible return, maximize the shareholder’s wealth, maintain the heavy development in both expansions of range as well as increase in customer’ satisfaction. So far, each segment has shown clear evidences and signs that they have been being brought value to Teletech, therefore Teletech have to decide to treat both TS and P&S like individual firms in the uses of equity and debt for a long run benefit.

2)In what ways can French New Wave cinema be considered a product of Essay

2)In what ways can French New Wave cinema be considered a product of its particular moment institutionally, technologically and culturally Your answer should make close reference to ONE or TWO films - Essay Example While French cinema was changing after the Great War, the cinemas across Europe were not in as great transformations. It is perhaps for this reason that French New Wave cinema was and is considered one of the watershed movements of all time in terms of cinematic creation and cinematic experience (Neupert, 2007). In many ways, French New Wave cinema can be seen as a rejuvenation of filmmaking that came about as a reactionary approach to contemporary filmmaking. This paper will look into the French New Wave cinematic movement in order to decipher the various changes introduced by it. In addition, this paper will explore the effects of institutional, technological and cultural factors that made the French New Wave cinematic movement one of the world’s most prominent cinematic transformations. Two French New Wave films, Jules and Jim and The 400 Blows will be analysed in detail in order to meet the objectives stated above. The French New Wave cinematic movement is considered as being influenced by the Italian neo-realistic movement of the same age. In essence, the French New Wave cinematic movement allowed the filmmaking quarters to revisit the basics in order to redefine them. Among other things, cultural and peculiar historical events played a large role in defining how this particular cinematic movement began and progressed. During the Nazi occupation of France, the French cinema became both the tool and the property of the German state. A number of French directors, producers and actors collaborated with the Nazis in order to create new films through the course of the war. After the war ended, these filmmakers and actors were not highly looked upon by filmmaking circles in general. French cinema after the Second World War was looking for change. This change came through as a host of new filmmaking techniques were introduced in tandem with cinematic themes and new faces

Human Rights Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Rights Paper - Essay Example 3) points out, Canada was the first country to adopt an official government policy on diversity. Its multicultural policy, which entered into legislature over thirty years ago, was "Canada's official legislative response to ethnic plurality for a multicultural society (Mahatani, 2002, p. 3). This does not mean, however, that there are no racial and ethnic tensions in Canada but only that the nation is comparatively more tolerant and accommodating of diversity than are many others. If Canada is to maintain relative ethnic and racial harmony it must diffuse the poisoned environment phenomenon which pervaded in the case of Clive Stevens and Robert Symister versus Lynx Industries. In 2005, two black Jamaicans were dismissed from Lynx Industries, allegedly for race-based reasons. The case was brought before the Ontario Human Rights Tribunal. The plaintiffs alleged that they had been subjected to racist treatment by Lynx Industries and its employees. The alleged racist treatment encompassed all of racial slurs, race motivated harassment and racist graffiti on the bathroom walls. The defendants denied all allegations but admitted to the graffiti incident. Their legal representative, however, cautioned that it had been a single, isolated incident. The Tribunal was unconvinced and found that the plaintiffs were not credible. The complaint was, therefore, dismissed. Even though the complaint... Interestingly, the Commission contends that "unlike harassment which requires repeated behaviour, a poisoned environment can be created by a single incident, if serious or substantial enough" ("Racial Harassment and Poisoned Environment," 2008, para 5). The creation of a poisoned environment is contrary to the Commission's Code. Importantly, employers are held responsible for either the prevention of the creation of poisoned environment or for taking immediate action against those responsible for it ("Racial Harassment and Poisoned Environment," 2008, paras 5-6). An environment which has been tainted by racism, even if it has assumed the form of a single incident, is considered poisoned because racial tolerance has been undermined, even violated. Indeed, poisoned environments may very well become intolerable for racial minorities, thereby forcing them to leave. While it is important to acknowledge the Tribunal's findings, the fact of the matter is that Lynx Industries did admit to the presence of racist graffiti on the bathroom wall. Certainly, it did caution that it was a single incident and there was no reoccurrence. The fact of the matter is, however, that it did occur and the Commission considers such occurrences a breach of its policies ("Racial Harassment and Poisoned Environment," 2008, paras 1-2). Within the context of the stated, the Commission's findings appear contradictory to its own guidelines. Indeed, even if one assumes that the defendants were truthful in claiming that the plaintiffs were not dismissed for racial reasons but for their on-the-job performance, it could very well be that the environment had been poisoned to the extent where Stevens and Symister could not perform their jobs to the best of their

Essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Questions - Essay Example In other words, natural resources (trees and soil) were progressively exchanged, by the islanders, for a range of economic, social, and cultural benefits. They inhabitants of the island then did not balance their needs and those of environmental protection. The archeological makers placed immense pressure on the natural environment such that these demands could not be sustained as discussed above. 3. The problems with Akosombo Dam were related to human migration since people were displaced from their homes. Fertile soils were submerged. The other impacts of the Akosombo Dam and the creation of Lake Volta include the increased occurrence of earthquakes due to readjustments of the Earths crust in response to the enormous weight of additional water in the lake. Thought it was a success story from the other angle, the construction of the dam also had severe impacts on the health of people since cases of diseases such as bilharzias increased. The people who constructed the dam should have started by conducting research so as to establish the impacts of the dam on the people. It was also a good idea to first relocate the people to other areas before commencing the construction of the dam in order to mitigate the severe impacts of poverty that were witnessed later. 4. People we displaced from their homes and their cultural backgrounds were destroyed. This meant that they had to start a new life in other places. The new resettlement areas were characterised by poverty. In short, the moral fabric of the people displaced as a result of the construction of the dam was destroyed. Political poverty is a result of the fact that hydroelectric power is exported to other neighbouring countries while the local communities surrounding the place continue to wallow in poverty. 5. How can we implement environmental ethics in the UAE? Environmental ethics are primarily concerned with our responsibilities as we interact with the

Answer 10 questions after reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer 10 questions after reading - Assignment Example The first paragraph gives a comparison while the second contrasts. The author compares the size of a Hazelnut tree to that of a modest lilac. He also compares the trunks. â€Å"Trunks are seldom thicker than a forearm.† The author however, contrasts the piedmont Hazelnut with viterbese type. He says that the piedmont type hazelnut is outstanding for its flavor and ease with which the skin peels off after heating. The words supporting the logic of comparison and contrast include: - like, but, than. The writer outlines the reasons for erosion of the middle of the labor market. The writer explains the depressed wages, technological innovations that replace human labor and further downfall of wages due to the upcoming trends. Resulted into... , In addition. The seating order in a classroom is being classified and the classification is based upon student belief and general notion of the sitting position. For instance, students have a notion that in order to avoid much of a contact with a professor, they have to seat at the back, while those believed to be not so bright, are left for the back

Strategic marketing planning as an Essential Marketing Tool Essay

Strategic marketing planning as an Essential Marketing Tool - Essay Example Strategic Marketing Planning Strategic marketing plan is a â€Å"management process leading to a marketing plan† (McDonald, 2008, p.7). It is a systematic approach by managers that includes the written or detailed plan of the current status of the company, its goals, and how to attain it. The company obtains information about the mission statement and corporate objectives; analyses the financial performance of the company through the marketing audit; reviews the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats; forecasts the marketing impact; sets marketing objectives and strategies; estimates the anticipated outcome; classifies alternative plans and mixes; and projects the budget needed. Marketing planning is essential for business establishments that aim to gain competitive advantage, which is limited to establish brand, build, defend, and maintain. To achieve competitiveness, firms must employ techniques or models such as Porter’s generic competitive strategies. Gene ric Competitive Strategies Porter’s Model was developed to encourage the firm to gain competitive advantage through following the suggested strategies. The famous hypothesis of Porter is â€Å"stuck in the middle† when firms failed to utilise one of the strategies such as differentiation, cost leadership, focus, or combination as illustrated in Figure 1 below. The model of Porter is determined by the forces in the environment that have a direct influence to the firm’s competitive position. These are â€Å"threat of new entry, intensity of rivalry among existing firms, pressure from substitute products, bargaining power of buyers, and suppliers† (Ormanidhi & Stringa, 2008, p.57). Porter argues that companies must examine its competitive position so that they will know their strength and weaknesses that would form into strategies for defensive or offensive actions. Figure 1 Porter’s Model * Grant 1998 cited in Kossowski, 2003, p.6 Differentiation Thi s is one of the business strategies that Porter identifies in the framework. Differentiation is the firm’s strategy to produce â€Å"unique products or services† (Allen, 2006, p.434). This strategy is essential when the companies’ objective is to build customer’s loyalty because it satisfies the customer’s needs and preferences. The product or service is designed based on the customers’ wants; hence, it produces satisfaction. The customers are concerned with the product quality, features, or after-sales support that increases their value. It results to the positive perception of customer regarding the quality of services the company rendered. Due to additional expenses caused by differentiating products, the company must charge a premium price to return its investment. Regardless of this, perceptive customers prefer quality in terms of delivery system, product, and services. Thus, this strategy is limited to customers who are willing to pay despite the higher price. However, product differentiation is relevant in establishing a brand name for its recall. The differentiated products influence the customers’ perception of the firms’ dissimilarity with their competitors. In addition, it eliminates price conscious consumers by focusing on unique products. The research literature is interested with the widely accepted and used model designed by Porter. Akan, et al. (2006, p.45) include the tactics that managers must utilise in applying this strategy that will

Two articles on globalization of healthcare Article

Two articles on globalization of healthcare - Article Example The analysis of the budget of the healthcare systems seeks to determine whether there is an effective enough control system to account for the allocation of federal funds into medical centers across the country. The major sources of funding are through accounts of medical support, compliance and medical facilities. Allocation of funds for training of the healthcare workforce. Due to an increased number in populations who are aged, higher rates of disease and an increase in the number of people who are insured, the number of physicians and doctors available need to be increased. This is in direct contrast to the proposals in Congress to reduce the federal funds allocated to the training of medical workforce. Federal, state and private funds are allocated to the training of Medicare professionals. The allocation of these funds is through commissions such as Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, the national budget and the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform. These f unds are divided into direct payment for the salaries of resident and supervising physicians, and the indirect payments to assist in alleviating costs of sustaining a training program. Canada The provincial governments in Canada allocate a considerable amount of their annual budgets into healthcare and the hard economic times has laid financial strains on the allocation of funds into healthcare. This crisis in funding has posed a restraint in the preservation of national principles of healthcare such as free access and universality. Additionally, it has brought to question some of the healthcare provisions, imposed user fees and cost sharing between the public and private sectors. Funds are allocated in the healthcare department based on their effectiveness in treating, diagnosing and improving health considerably with comparison to the quantity of invested resources. The country uses an effective dimension of the economy in which the efficiency of various healthcare methods are eva luated by the government to determine the method that is more economical and benefits more. They assess the effectiveness of a solution based on research on healthcare for example two drugs that have similar or equal effect and serve the same purpose in treating a particular illness are evaluated and the more effective choice of the two is selected. The effective choice would be the one that treats faster and have fewer side effects and in the cost concept, the more effective drug would be the one that generally costs less. The government use committees to evaluate medical practice methods practiced by physicians to reduce the number of excessive practices such as full or partial examinations, house calls and diagnostic tests. These differences between the allocation methods in the United States and in Canada could be attributed to the amount of amount of revenue available in the governments’ budget available for allocation in the health care systems. The funds available in C anada are more strained as compared to the United States and hence the amount of funds to be allocated differ. Article 2 The United States health care system in addition to aiding in combating the travelers’ diseases such as Hepatitis and tuberculosis, should devote their resources to assist other countries in combating other health issues

Is Hip Hop a Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Is Hip Hop a Culture - Essay Example It started with house parties at the home of Clive Campbell, or DJ Kool Herc, as he is known, a figure that is widely associated as "the father of Hip Hop" (Hess, 2007). Overtime, the parties became more frequent, attendance grew and the movement spread across the borough. The pioneering stage of Hip Hop was developing at these parties, with Jamaican-inspired events such as impromptu toasting or loud, boastful poetry reading about current events and hardships the main highlights of the soirees. The location of the inception of Hip Hop, and the period in modern American history in which this happened are not a coincidence. The 1970s were a time where social classes were further being cemented in urban cities across America, and the Black youth was feeling resentful towards their dismal standards of living. Furthermore, street gangs were aplenty in the streets of South Bronx at the time, as they still are today, a sign of the struggle with poverty of the region. Due to the competitiven ess of the gangs, Hip Hop evolved further as it became a lot about the gangs beating each other in the form of graffiti, or rap, or breakdancing, as opposed to beating each other up (Rose, 2008). And so, it was recognized that the kids of the Bronx and other such beaten down neighborhoods could shape their violent urges into creative ones, and crews focusing on dance, graffiti, rap music began cropping up in the form of Zulu Nation (Rahn, 2002). Over time, the movement gained enough attention to garner dedicated articles and documentaries. Therefore, Hip Hop came to be. While it is true that Hip Hop may have been the result of the united creativity of some poor American kids, what it has grown into is something much bigger. Many argue that it is now one of the most important modern cultures of all time, having an effect on teenagers and the young worldwide (Price, 2006). The incentive behind these frequent get-togethers was to let troubled teenagers stay out of trouble, out of the s treets and to give them an outlet for their frustrations without any physical danger to them or anyone else. There are, of course, many critics weighing in on how valuable Hip Hop has been to American kids and the society in general (Lewis, 2009). Many people around the United States of America, and the world, too, argue that Hip Hop has been a negative influence on the youth. It is widely known and acknowledged that Hip Hop came into existence as a distraction for the economically depressed youth of the Bronx. Many of the active players in this movement were Black teenagers, mostly boys that were also in gangs. Over time, this image of Hip Hop has not changed much and instead, has been propagated by music videos that glorify sex, drugs and weapons. Many argue that Hip Hop is an art belonging to the hooligans of society. Moreover, many music videos frequently portray rich Black men visiting clubs and bars, dancing with barely dressed women rapping about money and sex. In fact, many a time, Hip Hop dancers and rappers are frequently associated with criminal tendencies, and do not always harbor a stellar reputation among the more conservative and orthodox members of society. Many experts had recommended that Hip Hop be given official

Using comics to increase writing achievement Essay Example for Free

Using comics to increase writing achievement Essay Abstract This paper will focus on a Classroom Action Research Project performed at an elementary school with a group of seven 5th grade English as a Second Language students. The project involved using cartoon comic strips to both motivate ESL students to write and also to see if a non-traditional approach to teaching writing will increase the student’s writing achievement. Popular newspaper comic strips were used to motivate students and they were required to read it and then answer a set of open-ended questions. Statement of Intent Many students have the ability to be successful writers. The ESL students struggle to write, but when they get motivated they seem to write better. Many ESL students are unmotivated about writing because of language, lack of background knowledge, or the topic is not authentic or interesting. The more the students write the better they will become at it. If ESL students can get motivated to write, they will write more and thus become better writers. Popular newspaper comic strips were used to motivate the 5th grade ESL students to write. Students read popular newspaper comic strips and then answered open-ended questions. Here are the questions that will be answered at the end of this Classroom Action Research Project: 1)Can ESL students get motivated to write? 2)Will a non-traditional approach to writing motivate 5th grade students to write? 3)Could the use of comic strips in writing help increase writing achievement in 5th grade ESL students? Rationale for Research Research into the process of writing has shown it to be a very complicated problem solving process requiring the writer to constantly monitor their progress towards a specific goal. Students that become good writers experience intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards, but face problems with motivation along the way. Writing requires the individual to pay attention to motivational conditions. The following is a list of the four clusters of conditions that are keys to developing writing motivation: 1)Nurturing functional beliefs about writing. 2)Fostering engagement using authentic writing tasks. 3)Providing a supportive context for writing. 4)Creating a positive emotional environment. The teacher’s views, beliefs, conceptions, and misconceptions are very important in determining the right conditions in most writing contexts. Research is needed to better understand the process of motivation as it relates to writing. Children start writing at an early age by scribbling. The writing process continues from there and proceeds at different paces depending on the child. As writing develops children start forming letters, words and soon sentences. â€Å"They begin to shift away from list-like writing and localized control (e.g., linking to vocabulary used in  the previous sentence, repeating familiar syntactic frames) toward a more goal-directed, strategic approach ( Berninger, Fuller, Whitaker, 1996). Their writing has more topical and the- matic coherence (e.g., Flower et al., 1990), as purpose, planning, and revising play an increasing role. A growing metacognitive capability gives them the potential to shift from a knowledge-telling to a knowledge-transforming approach ( Bereiter Scardamalia, 1987) and to use information about audience, genre, and rhetorical stance to accomplish a variety of writing purposes ( Berninger et al., 1996). â€Å" Highly motivated capable writers that can adapt their writing to changes in audience and topic can only achieve the developmental writing process described above. They can use writing as a means of communication with others. They write the same way they would talk with another people, stress free and with control. In a 1997 National Center for Education Statistics writing assessment shows that 80% of eleventh grade students can write clear and focused responses and less that one third can write clearly enough to show sufficient information to support their claims. 2 % of students can write proficiently enough to show effective responses that have enough information to support details and discussion. Teachers are failing to develop positive beliefs and motivation about writing. Comic strips can be used to motivate and inspire students. For one thing, comics can take away the number one worry that students have about writing today: finding something to write about. Most of the times when you leave it up to the students to write about something, they never know what to write. Every teacher has heard the same thing. â€Å"I don’t know what to write about.† Introducing and discussing comic strips is a great way to motivate and stimulate students about writing. Many students already know the characters from comic strips and this makes the experience less stressful and fun. It also provides the students with kid friendly language and the relationship between the pictures and text makes it perfect for  lower level readers. All these facts put together makes it possible for comic strips to provide the level of motivation and interest that will help students stay focused a bout writing and this will in the long run improve their writing skills. Methodology The study was completed with a group of seven 5th grade ESL students for a period of three months one half hour a week. Starting in the beginning of September and ending at the end of November. This group of ESL students is composed of fluent English speakers that are limited English readers and writers. At the beginning of the study, the students read a short story about ants and then answered an open-ended question. The students were then told to draw a happy, straight,   or sad face depending on their level of frustration and/or stress. This was used as the pretest. At the beginning of the study students were introduced and exposed to newspaper comic strips. They read, discussed, and drew them. Students were exposed to a variety of lessons on the writing process and were required to do one comic strip writing prompt a week. Included in every writing prompt is smiling, straight, or sad face that is drawn by the student in the upper right hand corner of the paper to show their motivation level. A record of the student’s motivational level was kept to measure fluctuation patterns according to the cartoon character used that week. Research Analysis At the beginning of the study the students were told that they would be taking part in a study that would require them to write. Many of them immediately showed signs of stress and much complaining followed. We met once a week for half an hour and they were introduced to a comic strip and  discussions followed. The students then had two days to complete the prompt on their own, including a drawing of a face on the upper right hand corner to show how they felt about it before it was collected. The prompts that were used are from the Comic-Strip Writing Prompts book by Karen Kellaher (2001). During the initial pretest three students drew smiling faces, three drew straight faces and one drew a sad face. Although it seems that the percentage of students that felt good versus the percentage of students that had no emotion at all is the same their reactions during the writing would tell a different story. The students all seemed stressed and bothered with the writing. Most of the students answered the question during the pretest, but all are lacking creativity and emotion to their writing. All the answers came straight from the story. No opinions, personal connections, or point of views were part of anybody’s writing. There were only five students remaining in the group during the last week of the study. One moved and the other one tested out of the ESL program and was no longer available to meet. In the final writing prompt all students drew happy faces. They did seem to be more excited about the writing than in the beginning. This may be due to the social rewards as well as the stress free environment due to the fact that no grades went along with their writing assignments. The following chart shows the before and after motivation and writing results for each student in the group: Motivation BeforeMotivation AfterWriting BeforeWriting After Dayannara V. Below BasicBelow basic Jose V. Below BasicBelow Basic Jeffrey R. ProficientProficient Maria C. BasicBelow Basic Jacqueline A. ProficientBelow Basic * The Chart above shows the beginning and end results of the study. Comprehensive Conclusions and Reflections The study increased the overall motivation of the group, but it did not increase writing achievement and in-fact lowered the writing achievement of two students. The contributing factors associated with the lack of success of this study are as follows: 1)Time frame The group met for half an hour once a week. This was not enough time to effectively influence the writing achievement of these students. Using Comics to Increase 10 2)Reading level – The reading level of these students was not significantly high enough for them to be able to read the comic strip and understand it. Even if they could have understood the comic strip, the prompt questions were too hard to for them to understand. 3)Background knowledge – A student who is asked to write about ice hockey or fishing that has experience it first hand or has been exposed to it will definitely be able to write about it better. Many of the urban kids are asked to write about things that they know absolutely nothing about.  A good example is the time the Reading School District had a district wide writing assessment about snow. The students had to write about a snowy day. Many ESL students had never seen snow. 4)Can’t get the joke – This one is the most important when it comes to comic strips. Most of the students could eventually read what the comic said, but they could not understand the jokes. A good example of this was the comic strip where Garfield says â€Å"Cats have just surpassed dogs as the country’s favorite pets!† Odie the Dog comes hopping by and then Garfield says â€Å"Somehow the victory would have been more satisfying had the competition been stiffer.† The students had no idea what this meant and could not understand it without some explanation. 5) Vocabulary – The students don’t have a sufficient vocabulary to understand comic strips. Although comic strips are written at a lower reading level, some of the vocabulary words that are used are hard for ESL students to understand and some extensive explanations had to be done before they could start writing. Example: â€Å"Had the competition been stiffer.† In closing, the ESL students need a lot of help. They of course need to write as much as possible, but if we work on increasing their reading level and expose them to as many cultural experiences as possible then we can really begin on making them great writers. If the study was to be done again it is suggested that the group meet daily and that there be vocabulary development lessons done to supplement the comic strip writing activities. References Yale University. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from www.yale.edu Web site: http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/80.04.02.x.xhtml Tom Janz, T (2006). Newspapers in Education Middle School Writing. Litsite Alaska, Retrieved December 11. 2006, from http://litsite.alaska.edu/workbooks/midnewswrite.html North Carolina State Board of Education, (2006). Making the Grade: Writing Through The Grades. ncpublicschools.org, Retrieved 2006, from http://www.ncpublicschools.org/student_promotion/mtg/fall01.html Brunin, R (2000). Developing Motivation to Write . The Questia online library, 35, Retrieved December 11, 2006, from http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=ose=gglscd=94798356 Kellaher, K (2001). Comic-Strip Writing-Prompts. New York, N.Y.: Scholastic. Parsons, J (1993). Using Comic Books To Teach.. ERIC, Retrieved December 11, 2006, fromhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true_pageLabel=RecordDe tailsERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED363892ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accnoobjectId=0900000b8012cb2a Cohn , N (June 2006). Comixpedia. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from www.comixpedia.com Web site: http://www.comixpedia.com/comic_theory_101_seeing_rhymes

Partnerships in Healthcare

Partnerships in Healthcare The partnership is a formal official arrangement of entities and or individuals to work together. The partnership importantly helps to find the problem and to solve the problems in local communities. So, the partnership can be defined as an arrangement where entities and individuals agree to work together to achieve a common goal. So it is also define as relationship which exists between two or more persons joined to perfume a trade or business. The successful and effective partnership always should have some of the key characteristics. It should have effective vision and leaderships and there should be strong willingness to learn and listen among the partnership. It should have enough resources to succed.other key characteristics can also be the capacity of strangely development, evalution and review of the strategy implemented to successfully work together in partnership. The key elements required for a successful health care partnership are promotion, prevention, cure, support and rehabilitation. Any partnership to be effective interaction at the same time, the partnership in health care should be addressing acceptable and appropriate residents needs. In common practice, the partnership is degree of integration depends on the nature and the purposed aim .the key features are;- 1) Communication;-each involved entity should be well informed about the action. 2) Co-ordination;-the partner can works separate but each others action should always be co-ordinated. 3) Collaboration;-the partner should cohesively work together. 4) Integration;-though they are the partners but they still should work together as one agency. There are different levels of integration of partnership so, the partnership and its continuum differs from individual service user to government level. It also differs from operational through strategic to policy level. The vertical to horizontal integration within or between the same or different agencies and the less integrated partnership through co-ordinated and fully integrated can also be other way of integrating any partnerships to work toward a common motive. The health and social care sector implements different level of integration in partnership. The partnership and its collaboration are highly influenced by the policy. The recent government policys set out by the government for health and social care agencies to work together more effectively in partnership and in collaboration help agencies to bring considerable benefits to services, there users and the wider community. According to search policies the health and social care sectors are required to work in partnership t o address the wider issues of health and social care like poverty, employment, poor housing and poor educational opportunities. So the common agenda of partnership and its collaboration in health and social care is policy driven joined up thinking and joined up working. for example;-a health and social care partnership called every child matters.(DFES2004;9)states that the joint up working enables the progress of improving health of young people in care and educational improvement of young children. So it is a very crucial factor for government and its policy for various organisations to work in partnership to achieve the set slandered and goal. The governments priority becomes organisation, joint of thinking and joint up working .the more and effectively organisation work in partnership, the better the outcome. So it is always an interest of government to set common goals and objectives for partnership. The partnership in health and social care in even more crucial so the government always emphasizes the organisation involved in this sector to work as a team and come as joint up thinking working to serve the community better. The housing, education, family, social care and health are main sectors in which the government has always priorities the effective joint up working and thinking in partnership. TYPES OF PARTNERSHIPS AND OBJECTIVE:- Partnership between two public authorities. Partnership between public authorities and communities. Development partnership. International association partnerships. A partnership is normally associates multi parties involved so it always is;- Multidisciplinary Multiprofessional Multisectoral Multidisciplinary;-a multidisciplinary types of partnership involves various entities from the same sector working independently to achieve a common purpose. In the case of health and social care sector, the nurses,doctors,midwifes,physiotherapists and occupation therapists work together with clients and this sort of partnership is called multidisciplinary partnership. Multiprofessional;-another partnership called multiprofessional in which is many professional like nurses, doctors, and pharmacists etc.work together to achieve some common goals in health and care sectors. Multispectral;-sect oral partnership, many organisations from different sectors of the society work together but independently. For example;-a nurse from a sector of health assists people without basis health factors to know about AIDS, cancer etc.similarly a worker from housing sector helps homeless people to realise the risk of disease as a homeless and assists them accordingly to get some basis housing facilities. In another partnership called inter partnership different entities or organisations work together in a collaborative way for a common purpose. The open referral systems and self referral processes for example;-a telephone health line types of strategies are used in this partnership. The interdisciplinary partnership involves the role definition sessions which means nurses, social workers and housing officers jointly assess the housing requirement of a client and the outcome help for effective housing arrangements. Inter-professional partnerships involve various professional working together by exchanging and sharing information which help them to act. According to clients situation. This partnership involves various stages of interactions. In the case of health and social care, schools teachers from education sector, nurses from health sectors, parents and students as clients from public sector, social workers from assistance in the government sector work together to design various income support programmes to enable kids in school get proper meals, better education and necessary health support. So in summary, if the partnership from different sector of society works separately and indepently achieve a common purpose then it is called multidisciplinary partnership. It involves multisectoral and multiprofessional types of partnerships. If partnership from different sectors of society work interdependently together for a common goal then it becomes interdisciplinary partnership. The interprofessional, intersectoral are its types. We can further categorise, a partnership to intrapartnership which can also be categorised as interdisciplinary and intrasectroal.if entities from or within a same domains work collaboratively for common goal, then it called intra partnership. If the nurses from practice and educational sectors work together to design a programme for new aspiring nursing students for the best opportunity, then it becomes extraprofessional partnership in health and social sector. Similarly if nurses,physiotherapist,pharmaciest,doctors from same health sector work together to develop a programme which will help patients to access health care facilities from home, then its called intra-sectoral partnership. So intradepending working partners from same domains for a common goal has interdisciplinary, intrasecto ral and intraprofessional sub types. CHARACTERISTIC OF PARTNERSHIP:- The common characteristics of any partnership establish common purpose. The definition of partnership should be clear among partners and there should be a respect as a valued partner. The expectation of any partners normally is that every one work as a team and should work towards objectives of the organisation. The information has to be communicated effectively among all the partners involved.so, the partnership to be successful it should have some well defined objective and well strategies .so any types of partnership (separate organisation, virtual organation, co-locating staff from partner organisation and steering group without aedicated staff resources) whichever model it can be, should be capable of communicating and implementing the strategies effectively. The managed clinical networks. Managed care network and obligate network in NHS and social care in Scotland and Wales have been some good practice of effective partnership in health and social care sector in the UK. The obligate networks have been succefully working in the partnership among clinical support networks between rural and remote areas and larger centres. Such partnerships have increased access to care patient safety, and improved working relationship in the areas. For example-mental health, learning disabilities etc.in some specific region of the UK. The lined group of primary, secondary and territory health care professionals have been successfully formed as partners to provide high quality OF clinical networks. These types of networks have reached effectively beyond health sector, even the horizontal integration of various care agencies have been able to provide high quality health and care service by forming managed clinical networks. As the expectation of public is raising and the personal needs are complex, so the health and social care networks in the future will be multi agency collaborations various partner organisation. So, the partnership is always successful and effective if two or more independent bodies work collectively to achieve more effective outcomes then they could have it if worked separately. So, the objectives of a partnership should be:- To improve service and access. To build capacity in public agencies and skills at workplace capacity building. To make the community stronger and more accountable services. To achieve common goals which also enable to achieve individual companies other objective as well. THE BENEFITS OF PARTNERSHIP (IN THE CASE OF NHS SECTOR) The partnership among different stake holder organisation in the NHS helps to serve the partners and communities better with improved services. it helps to provide quality service at effective cost. The management staffs are better prepared to provide quality service and to meet financial challenges. It overall boosts the morale of staffs and increases the motivation. The employee, employer relations are better and the productivity is increased as well. The ability to adapt the changes accordingly. The joint problem solving environment among partners in NHS enables effective use of resources, innovative productivity. The responsibility of NHS sector for health in the community (The healthy community) is broadened which also in proves publics perception. It helps to gain confidence in health related issues to the involved parties. More opportunities are exposed through shared learning. The development of joint health strategies action plans projects provide lots of new opportunities, the knowledge in the organisation is significantly increased. The case study of down south NHS trust. As the case study explains the importance of partnership among parties involve in the down south NHS trust, the trust has significantly developed its partnership and the goals and objectives of the trust is efficiently achieved. The blue start care home has been a successful partner in the care home sector. The partnerships with trade unions, education institution, care home and almost one thousands staffs of different professions have played key role for the down south NHS trust to be successful in the field. Serving more than two and half thousands patients would not have been successful without the efficient and professional partnership among the stakeholders. As it has been under stood that the trust and confidence are very crucial among partners. When information of service users is known among all the staffs of partner organisation it is very upsetting for the parties involved so, the confidence of information, data protection etc becomes key elements among the partners so the management of the NHS trust should take immediate necessary actions for the confidentiality of information handling of service users. As the down town NHS trust has partnership with others organisation (Care centres) to look after people recovering from strike; then main focus is given only on stroke cases which neglects the other problems then stroke. So, the partners of this project should be taught about identifying other serious symptoms of any other disease (Health problem) and referring them to respective authorities. One of the biggest drawbacks in the bigger partnership organisation is the autonomy of different functional bodies in some decision making as the NHS trust has some partner organisations in every project; the staffs are too much dependable in small decision making problems, so these should be some sort of flexibility in the indecency for staffs from unions and managers while making some daily common issues decision. If flexibility in the dependency is decision making is implemented, the down south NHS will perform even better, if the managers have not to be too dependent while following the care plans, the patients would benefit with fast, efficient and cost effective health care solutions. The decision making process is always very cruicial for any organisation. The right decision right reason at right time is key to the success of any strategy. So, down south NHS trust should follow the rules and giddiness set out by the department of health but it should always not be highly influenced by it while making many decisions locally, most of the situation the management should be able to use some common sense to make decision so, it is strongly advisable to follow the basic rules of department of health but at the same time the mutual trust among the partner invoiced in different projects of down south NHS also becomes important for the success of its projects. So, the down south NHS trusts management should always be very careful at handling of confidential information of partner organisations service users. The trust among partners and service users should be one of key priorities of the down south NHS trust. There should be some flexibility for staffs so they do not have to be too much dependable every time with unions and managers for small day to day decision making procedures .The quicker and easier decision making process helps the trust for smooth and efficient operation of its services. So, in order to be any partnership successful, there should be an agreement of necessity of partnership. There should be respect and trust between different interests, the effective management of organisation should take time to build the partnerships for shared agendas. The projects or expected achievement is possible only through responsible partnership, good communication; collaborative decision-making commitment to achieve objectives of the partnership, another key to success of any partnerships is the leadership. The people who are leaders of a partnerships project should be highly respected individuals with strong leaderships and management skills. So, the leadership and senior management in down south NHS trust should always consider above mentioned crucially important elements for the success of partnerships. The history of various organisations working in partnership have succeeded or failed. As the above mentioned points are the key elements for success so any partnership ignoring these facts are failed. Some of the elements responsible for the failure of any partnerships can be the conflicts among many key interests. If one partner dominates or manipulates then also the partnership can be failed. The lack of defined clear purpose, unrealistic goals, unmatched way of working between goals and objectives are also other key points of partnership failure. The lack of effective communication, transparent and trustworthy working environment among partners are other elements of partnership failure. If key interests are missing between partners and if the financial and time commitments outweigh the targeted benefits then also partnerships are deem to failure. So, in summary, the down south NHS trust has lots of commitments in partnership projects and the mechanism cannot be always very smooth in partnership but the trust management should not neglect any elements those may lead to failure of the partnerships. As cure, support, prevention and rehabilitation are the key essentials of health care projects so down south NHS trust should always consider their key objectives in mind to run successfully the partnership projects. The leadership of down south NHS should always think seriously about handling the personal information of service users and maintaining anything related to service users confidential. The flexibility in some common day to day decision making procedures will enhance the productivity and efficiency of the organisation. So, the management at the down south NHS trust should be flexible enough to implement such mechanisms which will increase the life of their partnership projects. If this is the complete assignment, it has not covered all the questions of the assignment and needs more polishing. The last questions of the assignments are not addresses at all. Do the needful.

The Dream Act Essay -- Immigration

Being an undocumented student in the U.S is literally being cursed for being born outside the country because one will find virtually all doors to the American Dream closed. Apparently working hard, graduating from high school, living here mostly a whole life, and the desire to become someone successful and contribute to this country is not enough in the eyes of the opponents to the Dream Act to qualify for neutralization. All aspirations and hopes for a better future vanish when one finds out that it’s impossible to attend a university or find a job because proof of citizenship is required. All AB 540 students experience this situation and the Dream Act is the solution to stop these sufferings. The Dream Act is a bill that was first introduced in the senate in 2001 and has been reintroduced several times but has not been successful. This bill would provide AB 540 students conditional permanent residency, allow them to qualify for some federal and state financial assistance, and after completing certain strict requirements they would soon be able to apply for their citizenship. The Dream Act should be passed not only to be fair to AB 540 students, but for the benefit of our economy, baby boomers, and the future of the United States. The Dream Act establishes a rigorous process for AB 540 students and they must meet several strict requirements. This means that not all undocumented students would qualify; only the fortunate, the brightest and overachievers would qualify. Generally â€Å"they must prove that they came to the United States before the age of 16, have lived here for at least five years, do not have a criminal record, are not removable from the country and possess good moral character† (Duncan A.19"). These students mus... ...oto, Lourdes Diaz. "IMMIGRATION TO THE U.S." The Praeger Handbook of Latino Education in the U.S. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. 16 Sept. 2014. "Standing Up for Immigrant Students." Rethinking Schools Vol. 18, No. 2. Winter 2003: 4-5. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 12 Oct 2014. Susan, Farley. Class Lecture. Allan Hancock College Room C-35, Santa Maria Ca. 3 Nov. 2014. Lecture. "The DREAM Act." Immigration Policy Center. Web. 8 Nov. 2014. . "Kick-starting Immigration Reform." The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company, 12 May 2011. A.20. ProQuest direct. Web. 20 Sept. 2014. Warner, Judith. "Education Costs.", â€Å"Social Security and Baby Boomers.† Battleground Immigration. Greenwood Group, 2009. 267-273, 784-785. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). EBSCO. Web. 30 Sept. 2014.

Strength of Character More Important than Masculinity Essay -- About M

As boys grow into men, many struggle with what makes real men. This struggle often dramatically changes the young person. This struggle is greatly exacerbated by the media’s portrayal of men. Gretel Ehrlich’s â€Å"About Men† deals with the stereotypical image of men and what real men are like. Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† shows a young man who feels so derided by everyone thinking of him as a boy that he buys a gun to make himself more powerful. Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers who all have different methods of coping with their own emotions at the death of a comrade. The media, Hollywood being one of the main culprits, often depicts true men as being tall, dark, and physically strong. They don’t feel pain and are able to fight, either with their hands or weapons. They are often emotionally hardened, not showing tenderness. The media presents men as â€Å"macho, [and] trigger happy.† (Ehrlich 127). This presents serious problems for young boys who are starting to mature into men. Young men are often told to be tough and to man up. Many boys are taught that crying is for girls and are called cry-babies if they do cry. This is incredibly hard on young guys who compare themselves to men like Sylvester Stallone or Arnold Schwarzenegger and see absolutely no resemblance. These boys are often troubled by a growing insecurity from contrasting themselves to the unrealistic image of men. The insecurity spawned by this idolatry of the machismo can lead young guys to resort to drastic measures in order to be recognized as men. In â€Å"The Man Who was Almost a Man,† Dave Sunders, a seventeen-year-old African-American in the years after the Civil War, says that â€Å"he was going to get a gun and prac... ...ood but is open to many more men than just the ones who are physically strong and daring. Since manliness is a presence of character, there is a growing need in society, in families, and in government for real men. There is a call for men to become more, to always grow in qualities like love, gentleness, self-control, and selflessness. These qualities are not like clothes. A man with these character traits can earn the respect of many, regardless of his age or physical aptitude. Works Cited Wright, Richard. â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man.† The River Reader,2nd ed. Natalie Danner. New York: Pearson, 2010. 144-154. Print Ehrlich, Gretel. â€Å"About Men.† The River Reader, 2nd ed. Natalie Danner. New York: Pearson, 2010. 127-129. Print O’Brien, Tim. â€Å"The Things They Carried.† The River Reader, 2nd ed. Natalie Danner. New York: Pearson, 2010. 320-334. Print

Superstition :: essays research papers

Writing on the wall   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Superstitions exist everywhere in the world. Every country on the planet has its own local superstitions. Each country also has its own variations on common superstitions. Some of the most common superstitions have to do with cats, alcohol, and death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cats have been domesticated longer than any other animal. Humans have even worshiped them; therefore, it makes sense that there are innumerable superstitions worldwide involving them. In the United States, there is a belief that if a black cat crosses your path, you will have bad luck. In Germany, whomever harms or kills a cat shall meet with great misfortune. In France, there is a superstition that it is bad luck to cross a stream carrying a cat. In the Ukraine, it is believed that if you give a cat gin before sundown you will have much misfortune.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol is considered to be the bane of society by many people worldwide. Having existed for thousands of years, alcohol has many superstitions associated with it. In the Czeck republic, it is considered bad luck to serve alcohol on Christmas. In the US, it is considered bad luck to not serve alcohol on Christmas. In Germany, it is believed to be good luck to drink three or more drinks with the groom immediately before the wedding. In Poland, they believe that if one consumes alcohol before noon, one will die young.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Death is the one thing feared most by humans. They attempt to justify death by creating superstitions. Many of these superstitions have to do with agriculture. In China, it is believed that when a farmer’s child dies on a harvest moon, there will be an excellent crop the next year much like in â€Å"The Lottery†; death leads to a good harvest.

TIGHTENING THE LINK BETWEEN WELLBING AT WORK AND PERFORMANCE

Abstraction:The intent of this academic essay is to reexamine the research work under the rubric ‘Tightening the nexus between employee wellbeing at work and public presentation ‘ by the erudite scholar Nicole Renee Baptiste with the purpose to take the academic treatment further. The research work is good presented and rich in footings of cognition, grounds and recommendations. The subject of research is a modern-day issue of great significance, peculiarly in this clip of economic downswing. Sum-total of organisational success reflects on the economic growing at the national degree and that is why effectual and efficient organisational operation, be it in the public sector or private subdivision, has ever been on the top of the docket of the policy shapers and organisational leaders. In add-on, organisational success depends to a big portion on the well-being of the employees. In other words, a happy work force leads to better concern public presentation – is the subject under reappraisal. Introduction:‘Life anticipation and Numberss in employment are higher than of all time before, yet around 175 million on the job yearss were lost to illness in 2006 ( Dame Carol Black ‘s Review of the wellness of Britain ‘s working population ‘Working for a healthier tomorrow ‘ presented to the Secretary of State for Health and the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, 17 March 2008. The policy shapers are in the procedure of reexamining work topographic point patterns in relation to well-being and promoting thoughts to better concern public presentation to be competitory in the planetary market that signifies the importance to wellbeing every bit justly depicted by the writer. In order to foster the academic treatment, the undermentioned points will be analyzed:The rubric of the research work: Tightening the nexus between employee wellbeing at work and public presentation.The impression of HRM as suggested on Page 2 of the research work.PerformanceRecent HR Concepts, e.g. , employee battleThe job of such probe: how to divide well-being as a variable as a contributory factor to public presentation‘HRM patterns ‘ on page 3 of the research paper.The HRM Practices – Employee voice – †¦ †¦ †¦ ‘and it is considered indispensable that workers have the chance to show their grudges openly and independently†¦ . ‘ Page 3 of the article may be problematic.Committedness, Job Satisfaction and Work-life balance are the constitutional elements ofWellbeing. But the issue is: committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance are the result of a good well-being policy instead than being the component elemen ts of wellbeing which may be unfastened to debate.In the Data Collection procedure male, female, age, length of service, type of business, making – all the elements were taken in into consideration but point has no reference, which is Ethnicity, which is unfastened to debate. Different ethical background may hold different perceptual experience of well-being.From a reading of the article under reappraisal, it seems the article is normative taking to prescriptive recommended policies which reflect a kind of theoretical account, the look used to analyse HR by Mike Noon, Re-assessing Human Resource Management, edited by Paul Blyton and Peter Turnbull, Sage Publications, 1996, page 16. Literature Reappraisal:Employee wellbeing as a construct to better organisational public presentation from the position of HR practician can be traced to the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 as authorities legislative intercession placed a responsibility of attention upon employers. ‘Employers have a legal responsibility under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 ( HSWA 1974 ) to guarantee, so far as is moderately operable, the wellness, safety and public assistance at work of their employees. ( HSWA 1974, s 2 ( 1 ) . The term used by the authorities has been welfare instead than wellbeing, which may bear the same significance except well-being, seems to be much broader in range. The writer takes the position that HRM is a unitary system of direction – which is a remarkable indorsement of managerial positions, is besides unfastened to debate. Today ‘s HR is really much based on common consent in about every facet of employer-employee relationship which may be in a redundancy state of affairs, enlisting and choice, subject, trade brotherhood dialogue et cetera. What makes the survey of HR hard is ‘the multiplicity of variable ‘ Charles Handy, Understanding Organizations, 4th edition, 1999, Penguin Books Reappraisal:Summary of the inquiries:The rubric of the research work: Tightening the nexus between employee wellbeing at work and public presentation.The impression of HRM as suggested on Page 2 of the research work.PerformanceRecent HR Concepts, e.g. , employee battleThe job of such probe: how to divide well-being as a variable as a contributory factor to public presentation‘HRM patterns ‘ on page 3 of the research paper.The HRM Practices – Employee voice – †¦ †¦ †¦ ‘and it is considered indispensable that workers have the chance to show their grudges openly and independently†¦ . ‘ Page 3 of the article may be problematic.Committedness, Job Satisfaction and Work-life balance are the constitutional elements ofWellbeing. But the issue is: committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance are the result of a good well-being policy instead than being the component elements of wellbeing which may be unfastened to debate .In the Data Collection procedure male, female, age, length of service, type of business, making – all the elements were taken in into consideration but point has no reference, which is Ethnicity, which is unfastened to debate. Different ethical background may hold different perceptual experience of well-being.AppraisalThe first issue which comes to mind as a referee is the rubric of the research paper ‘Tightening the nexus between employee wellbeing at work and public presentation. ‘ Harmonizing to the rubric, the writer does non stipulate which type of organisation is the article for, whether it is for the private sector or public sector or charity organisation, SMEs et cetera. If it assumed that the research paper is intended for all types of organisations, so the job is: the empirical analysis in local authorities in North England or an sentiment study of a peculiar group of employees working for the authorities may non be able to stand for the positions of all types of employees. Percept on wellbeing differ from organisation to organisation. Aims and aims and public presentation are non the same or similar. In 1961, Burns and Stalker ( Mullins, L.J. ( 2005 ) . Management and Organization completed a survey of 20 UK fabrication houses to find the types of construction that existed. Finding concluded that two fundamentally contrasting signifiers existed – mechanistic and organic. Mechanistic Structures:Have a stiff constructionOperate in stable environmentsHave undertakings that are specialized and functionally differentiatedHave a hierarchal construction in which control and authorization predominate. #Organic Structures:Have fluid constructions that are more antiphonal to alterOperate in more turbulent/constantly altering environmentsHave undertakings that change on a regular basis with the concernHave an environment where cognition is spread throughout the organisation What has construction of an organisation got to make with wellbeing? To some extent, construction plays a really of import function in the makeup of the organisational personality which is the sum-total of the employees, direction manner, civilization of the organisation, type of employees recruited and selected, outlooks, industrial dealingss and the external environment T in which the organisation operates. All these factors may take to a perceptual difference in which well-being is viewed. Public or authorities sections are to some extent or similar to Mechanistic constructions where employees seem content with occupation stableness ( even the authorities sections are holding to confront up to recession ) – which means the wellbeing bundle from the perceptual experience of the contented employees may be different. This is an premise and at this minute of clip, no empirical grounds can be provided. On the other manus, private organisations and SMEs, charity organisations have another mentality in relation to well-being because, external force per unit area of competition, the competitory nature in order to last and prolong, public presentation related in footings of finance and net income – all seem to propose, that wellbeing is approached from a more fiscal position like immense wages taken by the organisation leaders which has come under onslaught by the populace and media late. At this minute, no empirical grounds can be provided to back up the above mentioned premises. On page 3 of the research work, the writer has to some extent equated Employee Voice with Grievance by the statement ‘ †¦ †¦ †¦ have the chance to show their grudges openly and independently, †¦ †¦ †¦ ..'Grievance is non the same as raising an issue. Employee voice is about engagement, battle, audiences and discoursing issues related to work without fright. To utilize the phrase ‘Grievance ‘ seems inappropriate. The impression of HRMHarmonizing to the writer ‘HRM will be defined as a set of patterns used to pull off the work force of an organisation, that is recruitment and choice, preparation and development, worker engagement, wage and wagess, flexibleness, engagement in decision-making, communications and employee public assistance. ‘ If the position of the writer is taken that HRM is a set of patterns, which means it is a map or managerial tool to work out managerial jobs, so the inquiry no theory is required to back up premises or no empirical grounds is required to back up premises. There is still a batch of argument about the true nature of HRM from the academic position, practicians view point and besides, from the position point of educationists who teach this subject. Harmonizing to Torrington et at. , ( 2005 ) , define HRM as, ‘Resource centered, directed chiefly at direction ‘s demands for HR ( non needfully employees ) to be provided and deployed. Demand instead than supply is the focal point on the activity. There is greater accent on planning, monitoring and control instead than mediation. Problem-solving is undertaken with other members of the direction on HR issues instead than straight with employees or their representatives. ‘ This definition is besides similar to the writer which focuses on Practice. Harmonizing to bookmans like Guest, it is more than merely a set of pattern – the subject has good tested theoretical accounts and theories which provide the decisions with more authorization which is why empirical grounds is provided to back up findings. Performance is another issue which requires elucidation. The writer does non truly stipulate when covering with public presentation as to which public presentation is being referred to:Organizational public presentationHR public presentationEmployee public presentationWellbeing is related to public presentation but which public presentation. If well-being is related to organisational public presentation, so wellbeing demands to be separated from the remainder of the other variables which is hard to make. Compartmentalizing Wellbeing, if possible, may take to different decisions. Wellbeing will so be examined against the organisational public presentation indexs and see how wellbeing contributes to the overall public presentation of the organisation. In these times when the traveling gets tough, employees try to set on their best show, merely to be in occupations. Performance additions as times get tough ( People Management, published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, July issues, 2009 ) . Wellbeing non needfully leads to better public presentation. But without a shadow of uncertainty, plays a important function taking to effectual public presentation. In a stable status, occupation security, committedness and work-family enterprises have been through empirical observation evidenced by the writer that wellbeing improves public presentation. It is agreed. But does the same clasp for in an unstable status where occupations are vanishing, people being made redundant, re-structuring return topographic point merely to salvage money, preparation is traveling through the Windowss due to shortage of financess, enlisting freezing in some industries – it is a affair of uncertainty.Committedness, Job Satisfaction and Work-life balance are the constitutional elements of Wellbeing. But the issue is: committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance are the result of a good well-being policy instead than being the component elements of wellbeing which may be unfastened to debate. This is another point seems to be unfastened to debate. A good well-being policy will take to greater committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance. By following a Cause and Effect analysis, it can be safely assumed that committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance is the terminal consequence or the consequence of a good well-being policy instead than being the component elements of well-being policy. From an HR practician ‘s point of position, well-being is made up of:Effective communicating ( ACAS ) ( 2005 )Honesty ( from both the employers and employees )An inspiring civilizationBetter footings and conditions of employmentBetter and competitory benefits in footings of fiscal and non-financialCompetitive wages schemeSchemes like proviso for looking after the aged, immature kids or taking time-off for looking after the aged, immature kids or people with disablements which may necessitate to be farther examined and defined. Disability is a long term inauspicious status of a individual ( mental or physical ) which will adversely impact a individual ‘s work related public presentation.Better periphery benefitsSecured pensionsEt ceteraThese may be the constitutional elements of wellbeing. If decently executed or implemented, it may take to enhanced committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance. Critical Evaluation of MethodologyThe methodological analysis employed is the standard methodological analysis for analysis and the writer has taken into consideration all the elements necessary except one point – ethnicity. There seems to be no reference of ethnicity in the methodological analysis. From the cultural point of position, wellbeing possibly perceived otherwise by people coming from assorted cultural background. This is approximately diversified background. Peoples are different and may hold different sentiment on wellbeing. May be the empirical consequences would be the same, yet it is of import to understand wellbeing from different cultural backgrounds. Harmonizing to Professor Binna Kandola OBE in his latest book provinces ‘We are so witting of the demand to look just that we conceal our biass, sometimes even from ourselves ‘ take from People Management 30 July 2009, page figure 26. Hypothesis 1Social relationships that exist between line directors and employees that are built on support and trust in direction from HRM patterns play an of import long-run function in the development of positive employee attitudes and behavior that constitute employee wellbeing at work and enhanced public presentation. Organizations that do non prosecute in these types of relationships will therefore perform worse in the long term than those that do non. The hypothesis is good founded, but in times of alteration, recession, ‘latest unemployment figures revealed that 7.1 per cent of the work force is now out of a occupation, the latest CIPD labor Market Outlook study, compiled by the professional services house KPMG ‘ People Management 21 May 2009, page7 the normative recommendations by the writer may non be compatible in today ‘s context.. Hypothesis 2Organizations that promote and maintain committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance ( wellbeing ) of their employees through the execution of high committedness, HRM patterns will profit most by superior organisational results and productiveness through set uping long-run relationships of support and trust with employees. Organizations that do non pay attending to employee wellbeing at work will hold in the long term to cover with the effects of less productive employees. The methodological analysis employed is compatible with the hypothesis. But the hypothesis seems to propose, a long term position, within which type of organisation is what needs to be established. Evidence to back up the decision is good founded. Statement of partsIt needs to be acknowledged that the British Library and on line library has greatly facilitated the procedure of deriving cognition and using the cognition in the reappraisal. At the same clip, the counsel provided by the HR lector has besides enhanced the reappraisal accomplishments which has been applied and will be put to prove in all future research work. Besides, People Management published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development has provided the modern-day HR issues. Discussion and DecisionFrom a reading of the scholarly work of Nicole Renee Baptiste, it is clear from the writers ‘ statement the well-being, the cardinal subject, is viewed as ‘People ‘s overall sense of felicity. ‘ In other words, what makes employees happy at work or why should employees wish to work for one company instead than another? What information influences employee ‘s determination to do that kind of pick? Harmonizing to the writer, HR patterns make the difference which is supported by the empirical probe and is besides endorsed by modern-day and direction gurus. But, from a practician ‘s point of position, HR Practices require more elucidation. HR PRACTICESIt is the benefits which are seeable, attracts employees and it is the existent demands of the current and possible employees which may represent employee well-being and do employees experience happy to work for the organisation. This being the ground, employee perceptual experience on the constitutional elements of wellbeing may convey light a more practical attack to the subject of wellbeing and associate it to public presentation by good devised research methodological analysis. What makes the survey of HR interesting is all HR issues are linked to other maps and detaching HR from the other maps is hard. The brave effort by the writer is to foreground Wellbeing must be appreciated. In decision, wellbeing must and will mount up the ladder of HR docket which is witnessed by recent formation of the Institute of Wellbeing, ( People Management, August 2009 ) . Mentions:Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service ( ACAS ) ( 2005 ) Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. ‘Life anticipation and Numberss in employment are higher than of all time before, yet around 175 million on the job yearss were lost to illness in 2006 ( Dame Carol Black ‘s Review of the wellness of Britain ‘s working population ‘Working for a healthier tomorrow ‘ presented to the Secretary of State for Health and the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, 17 March 2008. Mike Noon, Re-assessing Human Resource Management, edited by Paul Blyton and Peter Turnbull, Sage Publications, 1996, page 16. Mullins, L.J. ( 2005 ) . Management and Organizational Behaviour, 7th Edition. , FT Prentice Hall Peoples Management published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development ( all the diaries have been consulted from January 1 2009 boulder clay day of the month ) Peoples Management, January 2009 published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Peoples Management, 30 May 2009 published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Peoples Management 30 July 2009 and August published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Personnel Manager, Law Pack Publishing, 2005 Monetary value, A. ( 2004 ) . Human Resource Management in a Business Context, 2nd Edition, Thomson Learning Torrington, D. , Hall, L. and Taylor, S ( 2005 ) Human Resource Management, 6th Edition. , FT Prentice Hall

Perspectives on Inequality and Poverty Essay

Our society today is currently experiencing a widening of the gap between the rich and the poor. As the saying goes, â€Å"the rich is getting richer and the poor is getting poorer,† our society attests to such truth, where the wealthy is gaining more money while the poor’s case is getting worse by the minute. Poverty is a big problem ever since the dawn of man. In an ideal world, the number of resources produced could feed more than any of the hungry mouths all over the world. But in reality, wealth is not distributed properly to every living individual. There are those who get more as compared to those who get less or get nothing at all. The sad reality If you take into consideration every living individual in a certain community, only a small fraction of its population enjoy living a well-off life, and a majority suffer from lack of resources or doesn’t have enough to fill their stomachs. A fraction of imbalance in the distribution of resources and wealth affects a greater number of people, wherein the sad reality lies on whom are the ones getting much and who are the ones gaining a lot. This is the sad reality in our society, where people thrive in a world filled with inequality and sadly, majority of the people suffer from the extra gains of some people (Besley & Cord, 2007). Class inequality can be traced way back in the history of men, when people learned to classify themselves, making some superior and some, well, rather inferior. Another sad reality is that the ones who are in the higher echelons of the society are the ones who are not doing actual hard labor. These people are the one’s capitalizing from the hard work of the poor working class, sweating their lungs out, literally giving their sweat and blood just to make money. This labor force is the one who is actually earning the money; it is their effort and strength that makes the real cash, not the ones bossing them around. But the harshness of life is reflected in this situation: the ones working hard gets paid less, barely enough to make a living out of it, while the ones bossing everyone around gets a much bigger share, wherein they have exerted minimal or no real effort in doing so (Kohl, 2003). This is the present situation of the working class of the past, the present, and maybe of the future. There are some great thinkers who have pondered on these things so to speak. This people, though separated by different views, expressed their opinions about how inequalities in the classes happen and why poverty exists, depending on how they see the situation. Their take on the realities are reciprocated by approval or by rejection from the people looking at their ideas. Some may seem radical to others, but some deem that is the necessary thought for that certain specific topic. These great thinkers include Karl Marx, Max Weber and Oscar Lewis.

Whitman’s I Sing the Body Electric

Was it doubted that those who corrupt their own bodies conceal themselves;† Whitman's use of an interrogative tone here shows that he believes any corruption of the body is to cover up a deeper issue. Eating disorders are about deeper issues, not actually having much to do with food or weight; those things are merely a distraction from the issues buried under disordered behaviors. Other types of corruption during Whitman's time might have been premarital sex leading to pregnancy, sexual encounters with the same sex, and alcoholism. All of these are ways to have a â€Å"voice† without actually speaking.I believe that Whitman recognized using the body as an instrument of communication was a popular technique utilized by many, including himself. Whitman had a long term affair with a man, and to some he thus corrupted his body. As shown by the letters during a presentation in class, he concealed this relationship to anyone who inquired about his sexuality. The following line s speak just as strongly as the first. In my treatment center we learned that without proper care of the body, all other parts of one's being cease to exist entirely.Indeed â€Å"if the body [is] not the soul, what is the soul? † is a question I asked myself in many forms, many times. The body is the temple in which the soul, chakras, mind, intelligence, emotions, and lifeblood reside. No soul is unattached to the body. I believe that as a writer Whitman connected with his soul on a different level through his words. I have felt this connection myself when writing poetry regarding my eating disorder. Whitman's ability to write allowed him to see his body as neither male nor female , thus allowing him to see what the body is truly capable of.The body is simply a vessel that moves, breathes, eats, and sleeps. However, in Whitman's words, the body is the soul; it is something that can be corrupted or worshiped. â€Å"All things please the soul, but [the contact and odor of men and women] please the soul well. † The treatment ot a body as neither male nor temale is what is g tor the soul, according to Whitman. A body is not worthy of treating well because it has the anatomy of a male or the anatomy of a female; if the body is the soul, as Whitman says, then the body is deserving of being treated well, period.The treatment of the ody is something that is holistic, not Just a matter of treating the body with food or treating the soul with meditation. My recovery is not Just about eating the proper amount of fruits, vegetables, starches, proteins, and fats. It is also about doing what is good for my soul, and that is what Whitman means by that line. Any corruption of the body, whether it malnourishment, sexual exploitation, or anything else capable of corrupting the vessel itself, must be cured holistically. Overall, Whitman makes a claim about the body that is indeed pertinent to the present.The body is â€Å"electric† in all that it contains. T he body is more than Just skin and bone. In the words of Whitman, â€Å"O I these are not the parts and poems of the body only, but of the soul,] O I say now these are the soul! † He concludes with his notion that the body is the soul. I believe that I agree wholeheartedly with that sentiment; without acknowledging my soul, the recovery of my body would have never been possible to discontinue corrupting my body, thus discontinuing concealing myself. Recognizing my soul as intertwined with the body helped me have the most holistic recovery possible.